Archive for least squares

mostly Monte Carlo [last session of 2025]

Posted in Books, pictures, Statistics, Travel, University life with tags , , , , , , , , , , on December 10, 2025 by xi'an

Rather hurriedly, here is the announcement for the last mostly MC seminar this year, to take place at 3-5pm this very Friday, Dec 12, 2025. It will take place in Salle 03, PariSanté Campus


3pm Least squares variational inference

Yvann Le Fay CREST, ENSAE

Variational inference seeks the best approximation of a target distribution within a chosen family, where “best” means minimizing Kullback-Leibler divergence. When the approximation family is exponential, the optimal approximation satisfies a fixed-point equation. We introduce LSVI (Least Squares Variational Inference), a gradient-free, Monte Carlo-based scheme for the fixed-point recursion, where each iteration boils down to performing ordinary least squares regression on tempered log-target evaluations under the variational approximation. We show that LSVI is equivalent to biased stochastic natural gradient descent and use this to derive convergence rates with respect to the numbers of samples and iterations. When the approximation family is Gaussian, LSVI involves inverting the Fisher information matrix, whose size grows quadratically with dimension d. We exploit the regression formulation to eliminate the need for this inversion, yielding O(d³) complexity in the full-covariance case and O(d) in the mean-field case. Finally, we numerically demonstrate LSVI’s performance on various tasks, including logistic regression, discrete variable selection, and Bayesian synthetic likelihood, showing competitive results with state-of-the-art methods, even when gradients are unavailable.

4pm Beyond the Unified Skew-Normal: Extended Models for Bayesian Classification

Paolo Onorati CEREMADE, Université Paris Dauphine – PSL

Binary classification models typically lose the conjugacy and computational simplicity enjoyed by Gaussian models. While the Unified Skew-Normal (SUN) family has recently been shown to be conjugated under the probit model, two new developments are presented that extend this idea to a broader class of link functions, including both logit and probit. In the parametric setting, the Perturbed Unified Skew-Normal (pSUN) distribution is introduced; it is conjugate to any binary regression model whose link admits a scale-mixture representation of Gaussian random variables, enabling tractable posterior summaries, efficient sampling schemes, and strong performance in high-dimensional covariate settings. The discussion then moves to the nonparametric domain, where the Quasi SUN family and the associated stochastic process provide conjugacy for nonparametric logit and probit models while preserving key closure properties. A stochastic representation of this process yields practical computational improvements over existing Gaussian-based approximations. Together, these SUN-type extensions offer promising tools for Bayesian classification with accurate posterior inference.

Bayesian propaganda?

Posted in Books, Kids, pictures, Statistics, University life with tags , , , , , , , , , on April 20, 2015 by xi'an

“The question is about frequentist approach. Bayesian is admissable [sic] only by wrong definition as it starts with the assumption that the prior is the correct pre-information. James-Stein beats OLS without assumptions. If there is an admissable [sic] frequentist estimator then it will correspond to a true objective prior.”

I had a wee bit of a (minor, very minor!) communication problem on X validated, about a question on the existence of admissible estimators of the linear regression coefficient in multiple dimensions, under squared error loss. When I first replied that all Bayes estimators with finite risk were de facto admissible, I got the above reply, which clearly misses the point, and as I had edited the OP question to include more tags, the edited version was reverted with a comment about Bayesian propaganda! This is rather funny, if not hilarious, as (a) Bayes estimators are indeed admissible in the classical or frequentist sense—I actually fail to see a definition of admissibility in the Bayesian sense—and (b) the complete class theorems of Wald, Stein, and others (like Jack Kiefer, Larry Brown, and Jim Berger) come from the frequentist quest for best estimator(s). To make my point clearer, I also reproduced in my answer the Stein’s necessary and sufficient condition for admissibility from my book but it did not help, as the theorem was “too complex for [the OP] to understand”, which shows in fine the point of reading textbooks!

probit posterior mean

Posted in Statistics, University life with tags , , , on March 9, 2012 by xi'an

In a recent arXiv report, Yuzo Maruyma shows that the posterior expectation of a probit parameter has an almost closed form (under a flat prior), namely

\mathbb{E}[\beta|X,y] = (X^TX)^{-1} X^T\{2\text{diag}(y)-I_n\}\omega(X,y)

where ω involves the integration of two quadratic forms over the n-dimensional unit sphere. Although this does not help directly with the MCMC derivation of the full posterior, this is an interesting lemma which shows a closed proximity with the standard least square estimate in linear regression.