Archive for Neolithic

Nature tidbits [6 Aug 2026]

Posted in Books, pictures, University life with tags , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , on October 7, 2026 by xi'an

The 6 August issue of Nature arrived after my return from Japan, but it took me a while to catch up, the more because its cover story, Bloom service, about fertilising the oceans with iron as a carbon sink did not appeal much to the geoengineering sceptic in me. Nice pun though. Flotsam of interest for me:

  • an article on GPT-4 (and open-weight models) predicting the outcomes of 70 preregistered US survey experiments, 469 effects and 119,330 participants in total. The predicted treatment effects are highly correlated with the observed ones, about as well as pooled human forecasters do, including studies published after the training cutoff. But the predicted effect sizes are systematically too large, which is not a minor detail for a field still recovering from its replication crisis! Plus a survey of 460 social scientists about using LLMs for pilot testing, and a web app to “forecast” your own experiment’s effect before running it. (I wonder what a prior elicited this way would look like.)
  • a paper on membership inference attacks on medical AI models, showing that patients who differ from the majority are the easiest to identify as part of the training data, which I already discussed here. This fits the long-known issue with differential privacy and outliers.
  • a story on the four 2026 Fields Medals, announced at the ICM in Philadelphia, in fields far, far away:
    • Yu Deng (Chicago), for his work on PDEs, including a rigorous derivation of the Boltzmann equation from hard-sphere dynamics (with Zaher Hani and Xiao Ma), wave kinetic equations, and probabilistic approaches to nonlinear Schrödinger equations.
    • John Pardon (Stony Brook), for symplectic topology and enumerative geometry. He started as an undergraduate by answering a question of Gromov on knot distortion.
    • Jacob Tsimerman (Toronto), for extending techniques within arithmetic and complex algebraic geometry and solving conjectures in this field.
    • Hong Wang (NYU and IHES in Bures-sur-Yvette, almost a colleague!), for Fourier restriction, progress on Falconer’s conjecture and, with Joshua Zahl, the resolution of the Kakeya conjecture in three dimensions.
  • a feature on the scientific papers most cited in patents.
  • a news item on a Science paper by Blasi, Hamilton, Gray and Bowern, estimating that humanity may have spoken tens of thousands of languages between 3,000 and 1,000 years ago. The paper suggests a shift away from nomadic life triggered this diversity before it collapsed. I wonder at how deep the statistical linguistics inferring this rich past from the surviving sample goes. In a sense, the finding is not that surprising, given how isolated small prehistoric communities were, and how quickly a language drifts apart without contact. (I would also like to check how much the estimate depends on the assumed birth-and-death rates of languages, since the lost ones leave no trace to calibrate against…)
  • an editorial on the White House’s “new golden age for science” plan. It argues that such a golden age needs open borders and funding for the social sciences, public health and the humanities, not only AI and engineering. Alas, the now usual Trump.2.0 fare, with an AI funding roll-out in the news pages.
  • an emergency call by WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on why the WHO has never been more needed, and news that the first volunteer received an Ebola vaccine three months into the current outbreak.
  • a forecast that the coming El Niño should be the largest (by a mind-blowing margin) on record, pushing 2027 temperatures to new highs. And already having severe impact on tropical weather.
  • a scary comment on the risks of nuclear-powered merchant ships, in the very issue dated on the anniversary of Hiroshima…

Nature snapshots

Posted in Books, Mountains, pictures, Travel with tags , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , on September 15, 2024 by xi'an

Some quick breakfast reads from the 15 August issue of Nature ,

  • the incredible discovery that the massive slabs of Stonehenge were transported from Scotland, 800km North. Reuniting with the Round Table legend that Merlin brought them from Ireland. (Through a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (!) not rejecting the null that the age distributions of the altar stones and those of the Orcadian Bassin are identical. And kernel density estimates.) With their transportation 4,500 years ago remaining a mystery but like carried out by sea from Northern Scotland or even the Orkney Islands.
  • a debate on whether or not to cap US postdoctoral positions to five years, as considered by the NIH. The intention is to prevent lengthy short-term positions in academia and to force institutions to hire into more permanent jobs. However, if the only proactive step from the NIH is this cap, institutions can proceed by rotating within the perpetually renewed pool of fresh PhD laureates. Leaving the older postdocs no other choice than switching to non-academic jobs when they cannot secure a tenure-track position. (In France, after 6 years on short-term contracts, a scientist’s most recent employer is legally obligated to offer stable employment, which leads to the preventive decision by labs of not hiring postdocs beyond 5 years.)
  • a more precise history of plate tectonics, which our own Jeffreys opposed all his life.
  • the several attempts at overcoming the antibiotic diminishing return in fighting microbial infections. That include generative AI.
  • a shocking call to close the International Whaling Convention (formerly chaired by one of the authors) and let countries run their whaling, at a time when Japan launched a massive commercial whaling ship and when Peter Watson has been jailed in Greenland! With terrible three point graph “demonstrating” a comeback for most whale species.
  • a novel theory behind the construction of Saqqara pyramids, involving hydraulics as put forward by a Paris institute called Paleotechnic (!)
  • and a scathing book review of Kurzweil’s The Singularity is Nearer (when we merge with AI) [!], which concludes with ” Kurzweil’s understanding of humanity and nature is so bizarrely deficient that his augury is more of a curse than a blessing. His spiritual quest is devoid of spirit. The singularity betrays what is singularly human.” With the reviewer hoping “that we would have reached bullshit escape velocity by” the 2030 horizon predicted by Kurzwel for transhumanist heaven.