This semester I was teaching a graduate course on Monte Carlo methods at Paris Dauphine and I decided to experiment how helpful ChatGPT would prove in writing the final exam. Given my earlier poor impressions, I did not have great expectations and ended up definitely impressed! In total it took me about as long as if I had written the exam by myself, since I went through many iterations, but the outcome was well-suited for my students (or at least for what I expected from my students). The starting point was providing ChatGPT with the articles of Giles on multi-level Monte Carlo and of Jacob et al on unbiased MCMC, and the instruction to turn them into a two-hour exam. Iterations were necessary to break the questions into enough items and to reach the level of mathematical formalism I wanted. Plus add extra questions with R coding. And given the booklet format of the exam, I had to work on the LaTeX formatting (if not on the solution sheet, which spotted a missing assumption in one of my questions). Still a positive experiment I am likely to repeat for the (few) remaining exams I will have to produce!
Archive for Université Paris Dauphine
ChatGPT’ed Monte Carlo exam
Posted in Books, Kids, R, Statistics, University life with tags AI, ChatGPT, final exam, graduate course, LaTeX, LLM, Monte Carlo Statistical Methods, multilevel Monte Carlo, R, unbiased MCMC, Université Paris Dauphine on January 22, 2026 by xi'andestinazione bellissima Roma
Posted in Kids, pictures, Running, Travel, University life with tags fori romani, IASD Master programme, Italy, La Sapienza, Master program, Roma, Rome, seminar, Université Paris Dauphine on January 18, 2026 by xi'an
mostly Monte Carlo [last session of 2025]
Posted in Books, pictures, Statistics, Travel, University life with tags Bayesian classification, boulevard périphérique, ERC Synergy Grant, least squares, Ocean, Paris, PariSanté campus, Porte de Versailles, seminar, skew-Normal distribution, Université Paris Dauphine on December 10, 2025 by xi'an
3pm Least squares variational inference
Yvann Le Fay CREST, ENSAE
Variational inference seeks the best approximation of a target distribution within a chosen family, where “best” means minimizing Kullback-Leibler divergence. When the approximation family is exponential, the optimal approximation satisfies a fixed-point equation. We introduce LSVI (Least Squares Variational Inference), a gradient-free, Monte Carlo-based scheme for the fixed-point recursion, where each iteration boils down to performing ordinary least squares regression on tempered log-target evaluations under the variational approximation. We show that LSVI is equivalent to biased stochastic natural gradient descent and use this to derive convergence rates with respect to the numbers of samples and iterations. When the approximation family is Gaussian, LSVI involves inverting the Fisher information matrix, whose size grows quadratically with dimension d. We exploit the regression formulation to eliminate the need for this inversion, yielding O(d³) complexity in the full-covariance case and O(d) in the mean-field case. Finally, we numerically demonstrate LSVI’s performance on various tasks, including logistic regression, discrete variable selection, and Bayesian synthetic likelihood, showing competitive results with state-of-the-art methods, even when gradients are unavailable.
4pm Beyond the Unified Skew-Normal: Extended Models for Bayesian Classification
Paolo Onorati CEREMADE, Université Paris Dauphine – PSL
Binary classification models typically lose the conjugacy and computational simplicity enjoyed by Gaussian models. While the Unified Skew-Normal (SUN) family has recently been shown to be conjugated under the probit model, two new developments are presented that extend this idea to a broader class of link functions, including both logit and probit. In the parametric setting, the Perturbed Unified Skew-Normal (pSUN) distribution is introduced; it is conjugate to any binary regression model whose link admits a scale-mixture representation of Gaussian random variables, enabling tractable posterior summaries, efficient sampling schemes, and strong performance in high-dimensional covariate settings. The discussion then moves to the nonparametric domain, where the Quasi SUN family and the associated stochastic process provide conjugacy for nonparametric logit and probit models while preserving key closure properties. A stochastic representation of this process yields practical computational improvements over existing Gaussian-based approximations. Together, these SUN-type extensions offer promising tools for Bayesian classification with accurate posterior inference.
off to [ML@]Aussois
Posted in Books, Kids, Mountains, Running, Statistics, Travel, University life with tags adversarial examples, Aussois, CNRS, conformal prediction, Dent Parrachée, Fall school, Gaussian processes, generative modelling, ML, O'Bayes03, optimization, Paul Langevin, privacy, Savoie, SNCF, train strike, transport, Université Paris Dauphine, Vanoise on November 14, 2025 by xi'an![Hopefully, I'll spend the whole of next week in Aussois, Savoie, for a Fall ML school with privacy components, organised by Julien Stoehr (Dauphine), Pierre Gloaguen, and Nicolas Jouvin. Since this is the first time I return to Aussois since 2007 (!), due to difficulties in securing a workshop week long enough in advance (and some complaints from participants to O'Bayes 2003 at the [quite relative] difficulty of getting there, which is only real on national train strikes), I have high expectations of mountaineering with Baptiste, a local guide who took us to the top of Dent Parrachée in 2003, despite a scary slip of mine on a steep section!](https://i0.wp.com/xianblog.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/screenshot-2025-10-29-at-21-24-59-autumn-school-on-recent-advances-in-machine-learning-sciencesconf.org_.png?resize=450%2C305&ssl=1)
fAIrst contAIct
Posted in Books, Kids, pictures, Statistics, University life with tags ChatGPT, coding, debugging, discipline, master project, plagiarism, Python, R, teaching, Université Paris Dauphine, University of Warwick on November 12, 2025 by xi'an
This semester, I—as a teacher—came across two cases of heavily reliance on AI by master students, mostly for coding purposes, to which I had rather surprisingly not been exposed before. (Except for this plagiarised thesis two years ago that essentially rewrote existing papers with synonyms and for which we had to get to the disciplinary committee!) One project made a massive advance within two days, with hundreds of lines of beautiful python code, and reasonable output, but with my student unable to explain the code or the method behind… And anther case homeworks involving coding came back with extremely clean codes as well. Meaning they could not be graded and we had to switch to another type of evaluation. Oh well, welcome ol’me into the new age (just for a few years!)

Rather hurriedly, here is the announcement for the last mostly MC seminar this year, to take place at 3-5pm this very Friday, Dec 12, 2025. It will take place in